The Pygmy Pig is a domestic pig breed closely related to other miniature pigs, such as the Pot-Bellied and KuneKune, sharing ancestry with selectively bred small domestic swine.
50–80 lbs (23–36 kg)
Weight (Boar)
40–70 lbs (18–32 kg)
Weight (Sow)
12–16 in (30–40 cm)
Height
About
The Pygmy Hog (Porcula salvania), often referred to as the “Pygmy Pig,” is the world’s smallest wild pig species and belongs to the family Suidae. Native to the tall, dense grasslands of the Himalayan foothills in Assam, India, this critically endangered species is a rare survivor of once-widespread wild pigs in South Asia. Its scientific name, Porcula salvania, reflects its original discovery in the Sal forests of the region.
Adult Pygmy Hogs stand only about 8–12 inches (20–30 cm) tall at the shoulder, measure around 22–28 inches (55–70 cm) long, and weigh just 15–25 pounds (7–11 kg). They have compact, rounded bodies, short legs, and dark brown to black bristly coats. Their small size, alert eyes, and quick movements make them well adapted to slipping through thick grasses where they feed and nest.
These pigs are omnivorous, foraging on roots, tubers, insects, small reptiles, and organic matter. They are also known for building elaborate grass nests—unusual among wild pigs—where they shelter and raise their young. Breeding occurs seasonally, with females giving birth to litters of three to six piglets, usually during the monsoon months when food is abundant.
Once thought extinct, the Pygmy Hog was rediscovered in the 1970s, sparking urgent conservation efforts. The Pygmy Hog Conservation Programme, launched in the 1990s, has since bred and reintroduced populations into protected reserves in Assam, including Manas National Park. Despite these successes, the species remains highly endangered due to habitat loss, grassland degradation, and human encroachment.
As both a flagship and keystone species, the Pygmy Hog plays an essential role in maintaining the biodiversity of grassland ecosystems, while symbolizing the importance of conservation for lesser-known species.
Threatened:
Extinct
Critically Endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable
Near Threatened
Least Concern
Physical Characteristics
The Pygmy Pig (Sus scrofa domesticus), often called the Mini Pig or Dwarf Pig, is a small domestic pig breed developed for companionship and research.
Coat: Short, coarse bristles that may be black, white, gray, or spotted. Some individuals have pink patches of skin with sparse hair.
Head: Small head with a straight or slightly dished profile, upright ears, and a short, rounded snout.
Body: Compact and rounded with a relatively straight back and low-hanging belly. Despite their small size, they are sturdy and well-proportioned.
Legs & Hooves: Short legs with strong hooves adapted for both pen environments and outdoor foraging.
Size:
Adult Boars: 50–80 lbs (23–36 kg)
Adult Sows: 40–70 lbs (18–32 kg)
Height: 12–16 in (30–40 cm) at the shoulder
The Pygmy Pig’s small stature, stocky build, and adaptability make it one of the most distinctive miniature pig types, often kept as pets or used in research.
Reproduction
Mating and Breeding:
Pygmy Pigs are prolific breeders, capable of reproducing year-round. Natural mating is common, though controlled breeding is often practiced to manage population and preserve small size.
Breeding Age:
Sows may become fertile as early as 4–5 months, and boars at about 5 months, though responsible breeders typically wait until 8–10 months for healthier litters.
Gestation:
The sow’s gestation lasts about 114 days (3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days), consistent with other domestic pigs.
Litter Size:
Pygmy sows usually produce 4–8 piglets per litter, though smaller or larger litters are possible. Piglets are very small at birth, weighing just a few ounces.
Parental Care:
Sows are protective and attentive, nursing piglets for 6–8 weeks. Due to their small size, piglets often require careful monitoring in the first days of life.
Weaning and Growth:
Piglets are generally weaned at 6–8 weeks. They mature quickly but reach adult size gradually over 1–2 years.
The Pygmy Pig’s small litter size and rapid maturity make it a manageable miniature breed, well-suited for both pets and research purposes.
Lifespan
In Domestic Care:
Pygmy Pigs typically live 12–15 years, with some reaching 18–20 years when given proper nutrition, healthcare, and a safe environment.
In Research or Farming Use:
Their lifespan is often shorter due to controlled breeding cycles or early culling, with many living only 3–5 years in institutional or farm settings.
Factors Affecting Longevity:
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Genetics: Selective breeding for small size sometimes introduces health concerns, though hardy lines live long lives.
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Diet: Overfeeding and obesity are major risks, leading to arthritis, heart disease, or shorter lifespans.
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Environment: Secure housing, space to forage, and mental stimulation greatly increase lifespan.
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Care: Veterinary attention, hoof trimming, and parasite control are essential for longevity.
The Pygmy Pig’s relatively long natural lifespan compared to commercial breeds, paired with its small size, makes it a popular choice as a pet and research animal.
Eating Habits
Diet:
Pygmy Pigs are omnivores, thriving on a balanced diet of grasses, vegetables, fruits, and specially formulated mini-pig pellets.
Foraging Behavior:
They are natural rooters, using their short snouts to dig for roots, insects, and small plants. Access to outdoor areas supports natural feeding behaviors.
Supplemental Feed:
While forage provides bulk, controlled portions of grains and pellets ensure proper nutrition. Fruits should be given sparingly due to high sugar content.
Water Needs:
They require fresh water daily, usually 1–2 gallons (4–8 liters) depending on size, diet, and climate.
Special Considerations:
Pygmy Pigs are prone to obesity due to their small size and efficient metabolism. Overfeeding leads to joint problems and reduced lifespan, so diet management is essential.
The Pygmy Pig’s feeding habits reflect its adaptability—thriving on modest rations, grazing ability, and a varied diet—making it one of the most manageable miniature pig breeds.
Uniqueness
Miniature Size:
The Pygmy Pig is one of the smallest domestic pig breeds, typically weighing under 80 lbs, making it popular as both a pet and research animal.
Research Importance:
They are widely used in biomedical research due to their manageable size, physiological similarity to humans, and longer lifespan compared to lab rodents.
Distinct Appearance:
Compact bodies, short legs, and low bellies give them a “dwarf-like” appearance, setting them apart from larger farm breeds.
Companion Qualities:
Highly intelligent and trainable, Pygmy Pigs often bond closely with humans, making them favored as alternative pets in some households.
Global Appeal:
Originating from selective breeding of small domestic pigs, they are now found worldwide in farms, laboratories, and pet settings.
The Pygmy Pig’s combination of tiny stature, adaptability, and role in both companionship and science makes it one of the most unique miniature pig breeds.
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FAQ’s
1. What species is closest to the Pygmy Pig?
2. How does the Pygmy Pig compare to other pigs?
Pygmy Pigs are much smaller than standard farm breeds, usually under 80 lbs. They are longer-lived, often kept as pets, and are important in biomedical research.
3. What national parks provide the best opportunities for seeing a Pygmy Pig?
As domesticated animals, they are not wild, but Pygmy Pigs can be seen at heritage and educational farms near reserves and parks, such as Lincoln Park Zoo Farm (Chicago, USA) and similar exhibits worldwide.
